Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Spring 2020

Psychological pressures following divorce disturb women’s psychosocial adaptation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on psychosocial adjustment and cognitive emotion regulation in divorced women.

This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The research population included all divorced women who had divorce-related psychological problems and referred to Tehran consultation centers in 2018. Using convenience sampling, 30 women willing to participate in the project were selected and randomly divided them into the experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The instruments used to collect the data were the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The dialectical behavior therapy intervention was performed for the participants in the intervention group for ten 90-minute sessions.

The mean scores of psychosocial adjustment and positive and negative emotion regulation in the intervention group were 64.33±4.32, 28.00±7.26, and 63.57±12.54 respectively. DBT promoted psychosocial adjustment of the divorced women in the intervention group compared to the members of the control group (P= 0.001). Furthermore, this therapeutic technique caused a decrease in negative cognitive emotion regulation and an increase in positive cognitive emotion regulation among the divorced women in the intervention group (P= 0.001).

Given the findings of this study, it can be concluded that DBT is an effective technique to promote psychosocial adjustment and positive cognitive emotion regulation and also to reduce negative cognitive emotion regulation among divorced women.

A road traffic accident is an incident on a way or street open to public traffic, resulting in one or more persons being killed or injured, and involving at least one moving vehicle. The purpose of this study was to present the prevalence and factors associated with road traffic accident in Chuko town , Southern Ethiopia

Community based cross sectional study was done in Chuko Town with a total sample size of 422 from March 27 to April 4, 2009 E.C Questionnaire consists of demographic characteristics like age, occupation, level of education and cause of RTA. The study employed chi-square analysis. Data from qualitative was analyzed manually then triangulated with the quantitative one. The result is presented using descriptive statistics using tables and graphs.

A total of 422 respondents participated in our study with 100% respondent rate. Among the participants, 99(23.5%) of them had previous history of RTA. Concerning the causes of RTA, 141(33.4%) majority of them were caused by poor road condition followed by 119(28.2%) by over speed. The results from FGDs and interviews showed that the Town has traffic flow and motor bikes were most common causes of the accident.

The study found out that RTA is big problem of the Town The most common cause of RTA is poor road condition and Motor Bikes are most commonly involved in the accident.

Uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes in truckers can negatively affect their work performance. This paper analyses the first-year data of an eye care program for truckers to assess their need for hypertension and diabetes screening.

In this cross-sectional study, data were collected via eye camps for truckers held between July 2017 and June 2018. Truckers who consented to have their blood pressure and glucose examined were included. Variables analysed included basic age profiles of the drivers attending the camps, the proportion of the truckers suffering from hypertension, the proportion with previously undetected hypertension, proportion of hypertensive drivers taking treatment and the proportion of the truckers with suspected diabetes. Z-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis.

During the study period, 4,059 truckers attended camps, of whom 86.13% underwent hypertension screening. Out of those screened, 865 (24.7%, 95% CI: 23.31-26.17%) were diagnosed with hypertension. The mean age of the hypertensive drivers was higher than that of those with normal blood pressure (p < 0.001) and susceptibility to hypertension was found to increase with age. Among 816 drivers with hypertension who responded to questions about hypertension history, only 49.1% reported to have undergone blood pressure examinations earlier, while only 25.4% had received the treatment prescribed. The prevalence of high blood glucose was found to be 4% in the 3,433 drivers tested, which had an increasing trend with aging.

There is an urgent need for formulating policies on hypertension screening and launching awareness campaigns in this mobile population.

The increasing incidence of overweight or obesity is a significant health problem.  Hence, this study aims to investigate attention inhibition and memory function in obese and normal women.

This descriptive study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 in Ahvaz. A sample of 200 women referred to sports clubs was selected by the convenience sampling method. The tools included the Stroop test and the Working Memory Rating Scale (WMRS). The data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 23), the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANOVA), and the independent t-test.

According to the results, the multivariate analysis of variance at the level of P<0.001 showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the obese and normal women. Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the portion of correct answers to the Stroop test (P<0.001). Findings indicated that obese women had a lower active memory level than normal ones (P<0.001).

In this study, the data analysis showed a higher body mass index in women to be associated with attention inhibition and memory function in the obese group. Therefore, the implementation of programs and the promotion of lifestyles that prevent obesity are considered protective factors.

Mental disorders in people who stutter are controversial among researchers. This review study aims to probe four common mental disorders, including anxiety, social phobia, depression, and suicide in people who stutter (PWS) as well as in people who do not stutter (PWNS).

For the purpose of this review study, we searched 5 combined keywords, including stutter and anxiety, stutter and social anxiety, stutter and depression, stutter and mental disorders, as well as stutter and suicide on Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and Scopus from 1985 to 2020. From among 321 papers searched, a total of 34 research papers were related to this study.

According to the results, anxiety and social anxiety were the most common mental disorders in the stuttering population. Unfortunately, most studies on stuttering and mental disorders have been conducted on adults, while mental disorders, especially anxiety, most likely occur during adolescence. Findings on depression were very heterogeneous, accordingly, sometimes no difference was observed, and sometimes the rate of depression was found to be higher in the PWS than in the control group. It seems depression in PWS increases with aging. There is no adequate research on the relationship between suicide and stuttering, but a positive association has been established between suicide and anxiety as well as between social anxiety and depression.

The rate of anxiety and social anxiety was higher in PWS than in PWNS. We need more research on mental disorders in PWS because various psychological aspects, especially depression, have not yet been fully studied in people who stutter.

Among important issues in physical education organizations, one could refer to paying attention to organizational health and identifying traumatic factors, including cognitive failure. Organizational failure could stem from organizational behavior. This study aims to examine the association between job stress and workload with cognitive failure with the mediating role of organizational climate among physical education staff in Ardabil province.

In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical community consisted of the physical education staff of Ardabil province in 2019, from whom 200 employees were selected by random sampling. The research tools included cognitive failure questionnaires about organizational climate, job stress, and workload. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and path analysis using SPSS, and AMOS software.

The results showed that the variables of job stress and workload had a significant positive association with cognitive failure. In addition, the research model had a good fit, and the indirect impact of these variables was confirmed by the mediating role of organizational climate (P <0.01).

we concluded cognitive failure at work, based on job stress and workload with the mediating role of organizational climate, could be predictable in the physical education staff of Ardabil province.

Safety of contractors is one of the key safety challenges at construction. Safety training, as an essential prerequisite for achieving safety qualification certificates by contractors, could decrease accident rates in the construction. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of training construction contractors in safety issues in minimizing occupational accidents in a five-year period from 2015 to 2019.

This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in 2020, recruiting construction contractors. Thirty four contractors had the required safety qualification certificates (qualified), and 28 contractors did not have safety certificates (non-qualified). The analyzed data consisted of demographic information about construction contractors, documents of safety training, contractors’ safety qualification certificates, and data on reported occupational accidents. The desirability of safety training was assessed based on a Likert scale questionnaire. IBM SPSS software version 22 was used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that the frequency of occupational accidents was significantly different between qualified and non-qualified contractors (p˂0.05). Occupational accidents decreased significantly in the qualified contractors after receiving safety training (p˂0.05). The duration of training and the training technique had the highest and lowest desirability, with 80.4% and 25.3%, respectively.

Although the findings indicated that safety training could have a significant positive effect on minimizing occupational accidents, improving the quantity and quality of safety training parameters, such as the use of up-to-date and applied techniques as well as various media could increase training efficiency.

The growing interest in workplace spirituality has led to the development of a new paradigm in organizational science. The present study aims to provide a structural model for workplace spirituality, occupational ethics, and organizational loyalty among nurses at Ardabil hospitals.

The statistical population, in this cross-sectional descriptive study, was composed of nurses working at Ardabil hospitals, from which 200 employees were selected by the random sampling technique, who responded to the research instruments. The research instruments included questionnaires about workplace spirituality, occupational ethics, and organizational loyalty. Data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling using SPSS-25 AMOS-24 software.

Results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of workplace spirituality and organizational loyalty (P < 0.001). In addition, an indirect effect was confirmed between these variables as mediated by occupational ethics (P <0.05).

The results of this study confirmed the appropriateness of the model for workplace spirituality, occupational ethics, and organizational loyalty among nurses at Ardabil hospitals. Upon an improvement in the spirituality climate, managers would be able to promote organizational loyalty as well as individual and organizational performance.